No force, no field interaction, no nonlocal influence.
Experimental Facts
- Charged particles pass through regions with zero magnetic field
- A confined magnetic flux is enclosed but never contacted
- An interference shift is observed
- Classical forces are identically zero along trajectories
Path A — Transport Geometry (Loop Non-Closure)
Primitive: Phase accumulated under transport around a loop
Two transport corridors enclose a flux tube.
Although no force acts locally, the transport loop does not close.
The line integral measures phase residue from loop transport.
The magnetic field never appears — only the transport history does.
Path B — Phase Accounting (Gauge-Invariant Statistics)
Primitive: Phase differences determine detection statistics
The probability distribution depends only on phase difference:
Gauge transformations shift phase uniformly and cancel.
Only the enclosed transport residue survives.
Agreement Condition
Both paths predict the same fringe shift.
What This Experiment Actually Proves
- Forces are not fundamental
- Fields are bookkeeping devices
- Phase is accumulated globally
- Transport history matters more than locality
Why Gauge Fields Exist at All
Gauge potentials encode transport constraints.
They are not physical substances — they track phase non-closure.
Connection to π and Transport Invariants
The phase shift depends on enclosed area in phase space.
Once again, invariants arise from loop transport.