Understanding Binary Pulsar Decay
In the Kinetiverse, binary pulsar decay—the gradual reduction in the orbital period of systems like PSR B1913+16—is modeled using spatial forces (F=ma) and temporal energy (E=mc), rejecting gravity and spacetime. The decay results from differential forces between the pulsars’ orbital and axial motions, coupled with temporal energy losses due to changes in photon path lengths. Space and time are treated as separate, entangled entities, where spatial accelerations (orbital and spin) influence temporal dynamics, driving the observed period decrease of ~2.4 × 10^-12 s/s.
Key Equations
Forbit = m1 · (μ (2/r - 1/a) / r)
Where m1 is the mass of pulsar 1, μ ≈ 5.58 × 10^20 m³/s² is the force constant, r is the orbital separation, and a ≈ 1.95 × 10^9 m is the semi-major axis. This drives the elliptical orbit (e ≈ 0.617).
Faxial = m · ω² R
Where m ≈ 2.8 × 10^30 kg is the pulsar’s mass, ω ≈ 106.4 rad/s is the spin angular velocity, and R ≈ 10^4 m is the pulsar’s radius. This contributes to orbital torque.
dE/dt ∝ -k · (Forbit + Faxial)
Where k ≈ 0.01–0.05 is a coupling constant. Energy loss via photon path length changes drives orbital decay, reducing the period.
dP/dt ≈ -(3/2) · (P/E) · (dE/dt)
Where P ≈ 2.79 × 10^4 s is the orbital period, and E = (m1 + m2) · c. This yields a decay rate of ~2.4 × 10^-12 s/s, matching observations.